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GLOSSARY OF WATER PURIFICATION AND HEALTH TERMS.
This Glossary is not meant to be all-encompassing but instead contains terms used in the different forms of purification and separation.
dalton |
A unit of mass 1/12 the mass of Carbon 12 . Named after John Dalton (1766-1844), founder of atomic theory and the first theorist since Democritus (Greek, 5th century BC) to describe matter in terms of small particles.
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DE |
The commonly-used abbreviation for Diatomaceous Earth. Diatomaceous Earth is the fossilized skeletons of minute, prehistoric aquatic plants. Insoluble in water.
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decarbonation |
The process of removing CO 2 from water, typically using contact towers or air scrubbers.
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degasification |
The process of removing dissolved gasses from water, typically using vacuum or heat.
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deionization (DI) |
Process utilizing specially-manufactured ion exchange resins which remove ionized salts from water. Can theoretically remove 100% of salts. Deionization typically does not remove organics, virus or bacteria, except through “accidental” trapping in the resin and speciallymade strong base anion resins which will remove gram-negative bacteria.
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demineralization |
The process of removing minerals from water, usually through deionization, reverse osmosis, or distillation.
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desalinization |
the removal of salts from saline water to provide freshwater. This method is becoming a more popular way of providing freshwater to populations.
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detergent |
A cleansing agent; any of numerous synthetic water-soluble or liquid-organic preparations that are chemically different from soaps but resemble them in the ability to emulsify oils and hold dirt in suspension.
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differential pressure |
The difference in pressure between the upstream and downstream sides of a filter. It can also be the difference in pressure between two points in a system or of a component in such system.
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disinfectant |
A fluid or gas used to disinfect filters, demineralized (DI) water systems, pipe, pipelines, systems, vessels, etc.
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disinfection |
The process of killing pathogenic organisms in a water supply or distribution system by means of heat, chemicals, or UV light.
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disposable |
Quality describing a filter which is intended to be discarded and replaced after each service cycle.
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dissolved solids |
The residual material remaining from a filtered source after evaporating the solution to a dry state.
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distillate |
The product water from distillation formed by condensing vapors.
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distillation |
The process of condensing steam from boiling water on a cool surface. Most contaminants do not vaporize and therefore do not pass to the distillate. Removes nearly 100% of all impurities.
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domestic water use |
water used for household purposes, such as drinking, food preparation, bathing, washing clothes, dishes, and dogs, flushing toilets, and watering lawns and gardens. About 85% of domestic water is delivered to homes by a public-supply facility, such as a county water department. About 15% of the Nation's population supply their own water, mainly from wells.
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